Defining the Hybrid Glycophorin Haplotypes of the MNS Blood Group System Using Long-Read Sequencing

Background: MNS blood group hybrid glycophorins are commonly genotyped because serological typing is limited by the lack of commercial reagents. Generating reference sequences for MNS hybrid genes is essential to ensure the accuracy of genotyping results. We aimed to define the haplotype sequences of MNS hybrid genes using long-read sequencing. The amplicons were sequenced using the PacBio long-read sequencing platform. Results: haplotypes contributing to the hybrid glycophorins were successfully identified. Conclusions: Long-read sequencing is a viable approach for genotyping both common MNS antigens and hybrid glycophorins in a single run. The haplotypes obtained in this study provide a valuable resource for accurate molecular genotyping of the MNS blood group system.