Online learner success dimensions and factors: A framework development through systematic review

In this systematic review we examined 188 articles from 2013 to 2024, to examine online learner success dimensions and factors. This review followed the DISCAR systematic review process and articles were searched in five databases, and screened using title, abstract, and full text by two researchers. Descriptive statistics, timeline, and qualitative themes were provided for learning context, journals published, research methodology, dimensions, and online learner success factors. Among the 188 articles, we analyzed publication patterns including year of publication, journals, context, research methodology, dimensions and factors related to online learner success. Focusing on four dimensions (learner, instructor, program and organization, and community) we identified a total of 30 success factors. The course and instructor related dimension was the most studied, followed by the learner dimension, and the program/organization dimension. There were 11 learner-related factors, 10 course and instructor-related factors, five program and organization related factors, and four community related factors. These factors will benefit researchers and online learning practitioners in designing and implementing online programs where learners are successful. Implications for online learners include that they actively manage their learning through readiness, self-regulation, engagement and help-seeking, while instructors and instructional designers create well-organized, accessible and engaging courses with timely communication and feedback. Administrators and communities can enhance online learner success by providing orientation, professional development, support services and providing a stable and encouraging home environment.