Design and Implementation of a Solar-Assisted Robotic Vacuum Cleaner with Bluetooth Control, ESP32-S3 Live Video Monitoring, and Android-Based Visual Item Detection

This research paper presents the design and implementation of a solar-assisted robotic vacuum cleaner that integrates Bluetooth-based movement control, vacuum cleaning, live video monitoring, and visual item detection. The proposed system uses an Arduino Nano as the main controller, an HC-05 Bluetooth module for wireless communication, and an L298N motor driver to control the DC motors. A relay module is used to operate the 12V vacuum unit. The XIAO ESP32S3 Sense camera module provides live video streaming over Wi-Fi to an Android application. The Android application allows users to control the robot's movement, monitor live video, and view visual item detection results using bounding boxes, a detection zone, item counting, and alerts. The power system consists of a rechargeable three-cell lithium-ion battery pack supported by a 6V, 5W solar panel, power-conversion circuitry, and a battery management system. The prototype was functionally tested, including more than 50 reported trials for movement and detection. The results demonstrate the integration of wireless control, vacuum operation, video monitoring, visual item detection, and solar-assisted power in a single robotic platform. The proposed system is remotely operated and is not a fully autonomous cleaning robot. Future improvements include autonomous navigation, improved detection models, battery monitoring, and quantitative performance evaluation.