Developing an AI Driven Human Resource Development Framework for Sustainable Tourism Villages

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the tourism industry, requiring tourism villages to strengthen their human resource capabilities in order to remain competitive while preserving local cultural values. This study aims to develop a comprehensive Human Resource Development (HRD) framework that supports the digital transformation of Indonesian tourism villages in the AI era. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed by combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 215 tourism village workers across Java and Bali, while qualitative data were obtained from 15 semi-structured interviews with village leaders and three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving tourism stakeholders. The findings reveal substantial gaps in digital competence and AI readiness, with only 18% of respondents reporting prior exposure to AI technologies and 82% demonstrating low-to-moderate digital literacy. Qualitative analysis further identified concerns regarding workforce displacement, the importance of community-based learning, and the need for locally contextualized training programs. Based on these findings, this study proposes a four-pillar HRD framework consisting of digital literacy and AI awareness, contextualized training programs, collaborative learning models, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. The proposed framework provides a culturally responsive and scalable strategy to enhance workforce adaptability, foster sustainable tourism development, and strengthen the resilience of Indonesian tourism villages in the era of AI-driven transformation.