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Is mathematics a human invention or a discovery of an independent reality? Formalism and Construc- tivism argue that mathematics is a closed game of symbols generated by the finite human brain. In this paper, we demonstrate that this is a profound Category Error, and we provide a formal proof of Math- ematical Realism using Georg Cantor’s transfinite arithmetic. We show that the human brain, bound by biological limits, operates on countable sets (ℵ0), yet it can discover and describe the uncountable continuum (ℵ1). Because a finite system cannot invent an infinite reality it cannot contain, mathematics must exist independently on the Abstraction axis. We apply the Golden Rule of Structural Rationalism to explain how the finite brain acts as an Interface, projecting the infinite Ground. Finally, we demonstrate that the six unsolved Clay Millennium Prize Problems are the direct consequence of the mathematical establishment ignoring this realism and demanding a perfect symmetry between the discrete human map (ℵ0) and the uncountable mathematical territory (ℵ1).
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Theriault et al. (2026) studied this question.
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