The role of tezepelumab in treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to comprehensively review the therapeutic role and clinical efficacy of tezepelumab in treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). METHODS: A narrative literature review was conducted (databases searched: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase; inclusive dates: from inception to early 2024). The search strategy employed keywords including tezepelumab, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), CRSwNP, and biologics. RESULTS: Tezepelumab is a fully human IgG2λ monoclonal antibody that neutralizes TSLP by preventing receptor binding. It is one of four respiratory biologics currently approved for managing CRSwNP in Europe and the US. TSLP is a crucial upstream cytokine that induces Type 2 inflammation and is found in high concentrations within nasal polyp tissues. By blocking TSLP, tezepelumab disrupts this inflammatory cascade. Clinical evidence demonstrates that its administration significantly reduces nasal polyp dimensions and substantially alleviates sinonasal symptoms and congestion. CONCLUSION: Targeted biologic therapies represent a monumental advancement in clinical medicine, fundamentally improving patients' quality of life. Because TSLP drives inflammatory pathways extending beyond classic T2-high disease profiles, tezepelumab offers distinct therapeutic advantages. It is particularly beneficial for severe, uncontrolled asthmatics with comorbid CRSwNP, delivering clinically significant enhancements in overall sinonasal symptomatology.