Influence of Foliar Spray of Organic Formulations on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif 2025 season at the experimental-cum-demonstration field of SVIAG, SVVV, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, to compare foliar applications of four liquid formulations at two nominal concentrations in black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) supplied with the recommended dose of fertilisers (RDF). Ten treatments, comprising an absolute control, RDF alone, and RDF with cow urine, Panchagavya, Jeevamrit, or vermiwash at 5% or 10%, were arranged in a randomised block design with three replications. The highest reported mean plant height (55.59 cm), number of branches (10.93 plant−1), dry matter accumulation (11.96 g plant−1), number of pods (31.11 plant−1), and seed yield (8.56 q ha−1) occurred with RDF + Panchagavya at 10% (T6). The corresponding field seed yields were 5.01 q ha−1 with RDF alone and 3.17 q ha−1 under the absolute control. The difference of 3.55 q ha−1 between T6 and RDF alone exceeded the reported 5% critical difference (1.06 q ha−1), whereas the 0.84 q ha−1 difference between T6 and RDF + cow urine at 10% (T4; 7.72 q ha−1) did not. Test weight and harvest index were not statistically significant. The treatment means therefore identify T6 as numerically highest under the conditions evaluated but do not establish its superiority over T4. Interpretation remains limited by incomplete application protocols and the absence of plot-level verification records.