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The Yang-Mills Existence and Mass Gap problem remains one of the deepest unsolved questions in mathematical physics. The problem asks for a rigorous proof that quantum Yang-Mills theory on R4 exists and possesses a strictly positive mass gap ∆ > 0. Traditional approaches attempt to derive this discrete gap purely from the continuous, perfectly symmetric gauge symmetries of the Lagrangian. We apply the geometry of the Axiomatic Interface to diagnose this as a profound category error. We argue that the mass gap cannot be derived from the symmetry of the vacuum alone, because perfect symmetry is a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)—a massless ghost. The mass gap is not an algebraic consequence of gauge invariance; it is the thermodynamic cost of individuation. It is the energetic friction required by the Tensorial Constraint to break the perfect Potency of the gauge field and actualize a localized, Permeable particle state. The mass gap is the structural proof that the universe must break its own symmetry to exist.
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Theriault et al. (2026) studied this question.
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