Evaluating the effect of seeding depth on winter wheat growth and yield

Plain Language Summary Faster and more precise planting equipment is needed for timely winter wheat planting and to maximize yields. Seeding depth control varies between equipment types and models, and research is lacking in evaluating the effect of seeding depth on emergence, stand establishment, and yield. Additionally, weather, seeding rate, and variety genetics may influence the optimal seeding depth. We examined the effects of seeding depth and rate on three varieties with different coleoptile lengths over three growing seasons. Our results showed minimal effects of seeding rate and coleoptile length. Seeding depth also had minimal effects, with shallow depth increasing yield in one of 3 study years, likely related to faster emergence and increased fall tillering. However, winterkill or lodging remains a risk during years with unfavorable weather or delayed planting. Overall, planting methods with poor depth control might be sufficient to maximize wheat yield in most years if timely planting is ensured.