The Poetics of Xilvatiy's Ghazals

This article examines the poetic characteristics of the ghazals of Mulla Yoldosh Toraboy ugli Xilvatiy Namangani, a prominent representative of the Namangan literary movement of the early twentieth century. Particular attention is paid to the thematic diversity of his ghazals, the artistic interpretation of human and divine love, Sufi ideas, and the poet's use of traditional poetic devices. The study analyzes the artistic functions of tashobehul-atrof (sequential repetition), tanosub (semantic harmony), tazod (antithesis), istiora (metaphor), and husni ta'lil (artistic justification). Special emphasis is placed on the structural and semantic features of the musalsal form, in which the final word of one couplet is repeated at the beginning of the following couplet. The analysis demonstrates that Xilvatiy creatively continued the classical traditions of Uzbek poetry while developing his own distinctive artistic style. His ghazals reflect a synthesis of mystical, ethical, educational, and social ideas, revealing the poet's significant contribution to the literary and aesthetic development of the Namangan literary environment.