Early outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting in 1,000 Egyptian patients and predictors of hospital mortality

Background Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a prevalent therapeutic intervention for the management of coronary artery disease. CABG significantly increases life expectancy. However, it is associated with peri-operative morbidity and mortality. Aim of the study to analyze the clinical and demographic attributes of patients undergoing isolated CABG and determine the early outcomes and the predictors of hospital mortality. Methods This is a retrospective observational study was conducted in National Heart Institute to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of 1,000 Egyptian patients undergoing isolated CABG between January 2021 and January 2024. Results Our study included 1000 patients (mean age 58.43 ± 6.93 years, 83.2% male). Hospital mortality was 6.3%. The univariate logistic regression analysis for incidence of mortality revealed that cardiopulmonary bypass time (OR=1.016, P value=0.009), cross clamp time (OR=1.024, P value=0.004), intra-operative IABP (OR=12.667, P value=0.003) and total ICU stay (OR=1.167, P value=0.008) were factors. Multivariate logistic regression revealed pre-operative LVEDD (OR=2.742, P=0.044), pre-operative EF (OR=0.876, P=0.029), and total ICU stay (OR=1.024, P=0.002) as independent predictors of hospital mortality. Conclusion The hospital mortality rate following isolated CABG in Egyptian patients is comparable to international registries, with pre-operative LVEDD, pre-operative EF, and total ICU stay determined as key independent predictors of hospital mortality. These findings underscore the importance of pre-operative cardiac function assessment and meticulous post-operative critical care.