Epidemiological Landscape of Noncommunicable Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of India's Health Scenario

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) have become a major public health challenge in India, contributing to approximately 60% of all deaths (IHME, 2022). This study evaluates the trends in the prevalence and mortality of NCDs in India from 2008 to 2021, particularly in the context of the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3), which aims to reduce premature mortality from NCDs by one-third by 2030. Using secondary data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, the study examines the impact of key risk factors- environmental/occupational, behavioural, and metabolic risks- on the rising burden of NCDs. The findings reveal a continued increase in NCD prevalence, particularly cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and mental health disorders. Despite the implementation of national programs like the NPCDCS, which targets NCD prevention and control, the effectiveness of these interventions remains limited. The analysis also reveals that while mortality rates have shown slight improvement, the burden of years lived with disability (YLDs) has significantly increased, indicating that chronic conditions are resulting in prolonged disability, even with improved survival rates. The study underscores the need for more targeted, equitable public health policies and interventions to address the root causes of NCDs, reduce risk factors, and meet the targets of SDG 3.