The Problem of Rhyme and Stanza in the Genres of the Praise Poem and the Ode: On the Example of the Poems of Ajiniyaz and M. Lomonosov

The article provides an in-depth comparative-typological analysis of the formal foundations of the classical ode in four-foot iambic meter (dedicated to Elizaveta Petrovna, 1747) by M.V. Lomonosov, the principal representative of 18th-century Russian classicism, and the praise poem (Ellerim bardı) by Ájiniyaz Qosıbay ulı, a classic of 19th-century Karakalpak literature, built on a rhyme form based on a stanzaic radif (refrain) in an 11-syllable, syllabic meter. Through two different versification systems (syllabo-tonic and syllabic), the article reveals the ideas of political order and national unity, as well as the poetic features of the traditional and classical styles. In the theoretical characterization of poems that differ from each other in their formal, stylistic, historical-political and national-traditional features, relying on the theoretical works of literary scholars such as M.L. Gasparov, Q. Jarımbetov and Q. Orazımbetov, the rhythmic, structural and semantic functions of Lomonosov’s ode of strict form and of Ájiniyaz’s traditional praise poem, which glorifies the land and its people with pride, were analyzed. The genre characteristics of the ode and the praise poem were revealed on the basis of their differences in rhyme and stanza.