Psychophysiological characteristics of cognitive functions in middle-aged and older adults and the effect of phytoconstituents with nootropic properties on them

Background. Maintaining cognitive health and preventing dementia are priorities in modern medicine and science. Nootropics play an important role in neuroprotection. Multicomponent herbal remedies containing medicinal plant extracts hold promise as phytopharmacological regulatory systems for maintaining and restoring cognitive health. Aim. To analyze the psychophysiological characteristics of cognitive functions in middle-aged and older adults and to assess the effect of a phytoconstituent with nootropic properties on these characteristics. Materials and methods . Before and after a course of treatment with the phytoconstituent, participants underwent a comprehensive examination that included electrocardiography with heart rate variability assessment; evaluation of short-term and longterm memory using the “10-Word Memorization” test by A.R. Luria; and assessment of logical thinking using the “Complex Analogies” test. Results. The study identified two groups of participants: those with moderate and those with high levels of working memory and logical thinking. Group 1 was characterized by low parasympathetic nervous system markers and reduced heart rate variability. Group 2 demonstrated higher heart rate variability and elevated parasympathetic markers. After administration of the phytoconstituent, parasympathetic activity markers (RMSSD, HFmc2, HF%) increased in Cluster 1 and decreased in Cluster 2. Following the course of the phytoconstituent, Group 1 exhibited a more pronounced improvement in memory indices and logical reasoning abilities. Conclusion . An association was found between high levels of working memory and logical thinking and a predominance of parasympathetic influences on heart rhythm. Administration of the herbal preparation with nootropic properties resulted in improved cognitive function and a balanced autonomic nervous system.