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Picture Credits Preface Introduction CHAPTER ONE The Origins of Photography (to 1839) Before Photography Technological and Artistic Forebears The Invention of Photographies Antoine Florence and the Question of Simultaneous Invention The Problem of Permanence: Wedgwood and Davy The Sun of Niepce The Collaboration of Niepce and Daguerre Daguerre and the Latent Image Responses to the Announcement of the Daguerreotype Bayard's Direct Positive Process Herschel's Specimens Talbot's Photogenic Drawing The Politics of Invention Focus: The Stranger Philosophy and Practice: Nature's Automatic Writing CHAPTER TWO The Second Invention of Photography (1839--1854) The Second Invention Focus: Iron, Glass, and Photography Talbot and The Pencil of Nature Bayard: The Doubting Camera Photography and the Sciences The Microscope and the Telescope Biology Anthropology and Medicine Focus: Photography, Race, and Slavery Performing History? The Dr. Morton Controversy Recording Events with the Camera War and Photography Imaging War Focus: The Mexican-American War British Conflicts in Asia Expeditionary and Travel Photography Egypt and the Holy Land The Historic Monuments Commission Portraiture and the Camera Coloring the Image The Photography Studio Celebrity Photography The Firm of Southworth and Hawes The Calotype Portrait: Hill and Adamson Focus: The First Police Pictures? Photography and Fiction Philosophy and Practice: A Threat to Art? CHAPTER THREE The Expanding Domain (1854--1880) The Stereograph The Carte-de-Visite Photographic Societies, Publications, and Exchange Clubs Art and Photography Art Reproduction The Photographer and Fine Art High Art Photography Women Behind the Camera Women as Amateurs Portrait: Julia Margaret Cameron Women as Professionals War and Photography The Crimean War Roger Fenton Focus: The Valley of Death James Robertson The American Civil War The Effect of the War on Photography Portrait: Mathew Brady The Civil War and Remembrance Portrait: Alexander Gardner The War of the Triple Alliance, South America The Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune Small Wars, Colonial Expansion,and Photography India China Japan Photography in the Middle East Topographical Surveys and Photography The Abyssinian Campaign, or the Maqdala Expedition Desire Charnay and Expeditionary Photography The 49th Parallel Survey Government Surveys in the United States Photography and the Transcontinental Railway Timothy O'Sullivan and Survey Photography Preservation of the Wilderness: Yellowstone and Yosemite War and the Photography of Native Americans The Modoc War The Fort Laramie Treaty Little Big Horn Photography and Science Medical Photography Photomicrography and Astronomical Photographs Photographic Studies of Human Expression Duchenne de Boulogne Darwin Charcot Photography and the Social Sciences Ethnographic Studies and Display Orientalism Dying Cultures Popularizing Ethnic and Economic Types Philosophy and Practice: Superseded by Reality Focus: Lewis Carroll's Photographs of Children CHAPTER FOUR Photography in the Modern Age (1880--1918) The Challenge for Art Photography Naturalistic Photography Pictorialism Movements and Magazines The Photo-Secession Portrait: Alfred Stieglitz Portrait: Edward Steichen The Nude and Pictorialism Women in the Pictorialist Movement Portrait: Gertrude Kasebier Anthropological Pictorialism Non-Pictorialist Visions Pictorialism: A Conservative Avant-Garde Photography and the Modern City Social Reform Photography Portrait: Jacob Riis The Ideal City Science and Photography The Photography of Movement Focus: Photography and Futurism Photography and the Invention of Moving Pictures The X-Ray Focus: Worker Efficiency: The Gilbreths' Time and Motion Studies Photography, Social Science, and Exploration Photographing Africa Focus: The National Geographic Photographing the Pacific Paradise: Samoa Criminal Likenesses War and Photography The Spanish--American War World War I The Russian Revolution Philosophy and Practice: The Real Thing CHAPTER FIVE A New Vision (1918--1945) Revolutionary Art: The Soviet Photograph Dada and After Focus: Photomontage or Photocollage Moholy-Nagy and the Bauhaus Dada and Paris Dada and the Machine Age in New York Surrealist Photography Focus: Film and Photography Experimental Photography and Advertising Experimental Photography as Style CaliforniaModern Social Science, Social Change, and the Camera The Origins of Documentary The Farm Security Administration Portrait: Margaret Bourke-White Transforming the Social Documentary Portrait: August Sander Worker Photography Popular Science World War II Philosophy and Practice:The Common and the End of Media Utopia CHAPTER SIX Through the Lens of Culture (1945--1975) The Family of Man Cultural Relativism and Cultural Resistance Focus: Making an Icon of Revolution Latin America Brazil and Argentina Mexico Portrait: Manuel lvarez Bravo Africa Asia India Japan Portrait: Shomei Tomatsu Focus: Photographing the Atomic Bomb The West and the Cold War Annihilation, Alienation,Abstraction: America The Americans On the Streets The Social Landscape Suburbia Technology and Media in Postwar America Color Photography and the Polaroid Process Television, Photojournalism, and National Events Photography in Art Philosophy and Practice: Photography Born Whole CHAPTER SEVEN Convergences (1975--2) Photography, Nature, and Science Post-Photography The End Everything Old is New Again Face Value The Predicaments of Social Concern Portrait: Sebastiao Salgado The Color of Concern Neutral Vision Focus: The Cambodian Genocide Photographic Database The Look of Politics The New Social Documentary Thinking Photography The Postmodern Era Postmodernist Photography Art Photography and Photography-by-artists Blurring the Subject Feminism and Postmodern Photography Constructed Realities Focus: Culture Wars Family Pictures Extended Family Focus: Looking at Children Nature and the Body Politic Philosophy and Practice: The Passing of the Postmodern CHAPTER EIGHT Into the New Millennium Past and Present Slide Show The Medium of the Moment Photographic Practice and Globalization Global/Local 006 The Arab World Focus: China 060 Youth and Beauty Snapshot Diarists Science and Society The Animal Kingdom Platforms War and Photography Philosophy and Practice: Seeing and Being Seen Glossary Timeline Notes Bibliography Index
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