Callosal Function in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Linked to Disrupted White Matter Integrity

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the primary cause of death and disability in children and adolescents. There is considerable heterogeneity in postinjury outcome, which is only partially explained by injury severity. Imaging biomarkers may help explain some of this variance, as diffusion weighted imaging is sensitive to the white matter disruption that is common after injury. The corpus callosum (CC) is one of the most commonly reported areas of disruption. In this multimodal study, we discovered a divergence within our pediatric moderate-to-severe TBI sample 1-5 months postinjury. A subset of the TBI sample showed significant impairment in CC function, which is supported by additional results showing deficits in CC structural integrity. This subset also had poorer neurocognitive functioning. Our research sheds light on postinjury heterogeneity.