Single-domain properties of 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 single crystals under electric field bias

We report a complete set of material properties of single-domain, relaxor-based 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 PMN–33%PT single crystals. Because the single-domain state is unstable in natural conditions, a bias electric field of 0.2 MV/m was applied along the dipole direction of the rhombohedral phase during the measurements. It was found that the electromechanical coupling coefficient k33 and the piezoelectric constant d33 for single-domain PMN–33%PT are 69% and 190 pC/N, respectively. Both of them are much smaller than those of multidomain PMN–33%PT poled along 001 direction. However, the shear piezoelectric constant d15 of single-domain PMN–33%PT reaches 4100 pC/N, which is much higher than that of multidomain PMN–33%PT.