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In conventional systems of prospect logistics, the flow starts from the raw material provided by suppliers, then manufactured parts and components for assembly of the end product which goes to consumers, and, when fully used can be recycled. The reverse logistics disposed of products eligible for repair, alteration, distribution of the parts, that can be reused as a raw material to be recycled for future use. It also generates the side products (hazardous waste, packaging, etc.). Reverse logistics provides companies with revenues and strategic benefits. Companies whose products are subject to regeneration can save up to 60 % of the estimated cost of a completely new product.
Grabara et al. (Tue,) studied this question.