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Application of nonlinear magneto-optical (Faraday) rotation to magnetometry is investigated. Our experimental setup consists of a modulation polarimeter that measures rotation of the polarization plane of a laser beam resonant with transitions in Rb. Rb vapor is contained in an evacuated cell with antirelaxation coating that enables atomic ground-state polarization to survive many thousand wall collisions. This leads to ultranarrow features (10^-6 G) in the magnetic-field dependence of optical rotation. The potential sensitivity of this scheme to sub- magnetic fields as a function of atomic density, light intensity, and light frequency is investigated near the D1 and D2 lines of ^85Rb. It is shown that through an appropriate choice of parameters the shot-noise-limited sensitivity to small magnetic fields can reach 310^-12 G/Hz.
Budker et al. (Mon,) studied this question.