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To examine changes in self-perceptions, 25 male and 25 female low-income, black college students rated personal statements in accordance with how they (a) retrospectively viewed themselves (4 and 2 yr. ago), (b) presently view themselves, and (c) projectively will view themselves. Responses showed a significant transition away from a past Negro to a present and future black identity (χ 2 = 97.89, df = 9, p < .001). Social and cultural forces over time probably led to changes in racial identity more than changes in personal identity.
Krate et al. (Sun,) studied this question.