Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Michael E. Lamb, M. Ann Easterbrooks, George W. Holden, Reinforcement and Punishment among Preschoolers: Characteristics, Effects, and Correlates, Child Development, Vol. 51, No. 4 (Dec., 1980), pp. 1230-1236
Lamb et al. (Mon,) studied this question.