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Distributed generation (DG) systems are considered an integral part in future distribution system planning. The active and reactive power injections from DG units, typically installed close to the load centers, are seen as a cost-effective solution for distribution system voltage support, energy saving, and reliability improvement. This paper proposes a novel distribution system expansion planning strategy encompassing renewable DG systems with schedulable and intermittent power generation patterns. The reactive capability limits of different renewable DG systems covering wind, solar photovoltaic, and biomass-based generation units are included in the planning model and the system uncertainties such as load demand, wind speed, and solar radiation are also accounted using probabilistic models. The problem of distribution system planning with renewable DG is formulated as constrained mixed integer nonlinear programming, wherein the total cost will be minimized with optimal allocation of various renewable DG systems. A solution algorithm integrating TRIBE particle swarm optimization (TRIBE PSO) and ordinal optimization (OO) is developed to effectively obtain optimal and near-optimal solutions for system planners. TRIBE PSO, OO, and the proposed algorithm are applied to a practical test system and results are compared and presented.
Zou et al. (Wed,) studied this question.