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The ungendered nature of much of mainstream literature on citizenship is, by now, well established. The articla review some of the mai dilemmas associated with development of a feminist conception of citizenship in relation to both republic an and social rights formulations. Among the questions it poses are: how useful is a concept associatedwith the nation-state as a time when the nation-state is becoming less pivotal economically and politically and when migration and asylum-seeking are on the increase? Can a concept based on the ideal of universality adequately take a account of difference and diversity? Can women - and different groups of women - be successfully incorporated into a status originally predicated on thie exclusion? Is the aim a gender-neutral or a gender-differentiated notion of citizenship,or does te answer lie in a gdndered, woman-friendly conception of citizenship which represents a synthesis of the two? The process of synthesis is seen as key in resolving these dilemmas.Nevertheless, an a;ppreciation of the differences within and of the interdependence between binary categories must not be at the expenseof a gendered analysis of the power relations which still underpin these categories and which thereby serve to perpetuate women's exile as a group from full citizenship.
Ruth Lister (Wed,) studied this question.
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