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In reviewing current research and practice in mathematics instruction, some questions and issues arise concerning the use of small groups. The purposes of small-group work need to be considered in devising activities, forming groups, deciding the role of the teacher, choosing topics, and evaluating outcomes. Among the issues discussed are the following: the influence of theoretical frameworks on relevant research variables; whether groups should be composed homogeneously or heterogeneously according to ability, achievement, or gender; whether grouping should be stable or flexible; how topics or specific skills should affect the composition of groups; ethical concerns in evaluation of individuals and groups; and the role of teachers in small-group arrangements.
Nel Noddings (Mon,) studied this question.