Use of afterload hemodynamic stress as a practical method for assessing cardiac performance in rats with heart failure

After myocardial infarction, the hemodynamics under basal conditions might appear to be unaltered, which makes it difficult to identify cardiac dysfunction by the usual approaches. Thus, we tested the response to sudden afterload stress in infarcted rats with apparently normal ejection function. Control (CT) and infarcted (MI) Wistar rats with various MI sizes were submitted to echocardiography 30 days after coronary occlusion, followed by assessment of hemodynamics under basal conditions and during a pharmacologically induced sudden pressure overload (phenylephrine 15-25 microg/kg, i.v.). Coronary occlusion resulted in cardiac remodeling proportional to MI size, although several functional parameters such as systolic pressure (SP), stroke volume (SV), and stroke work (SW) of all MI rats were similar to those of CT rats. However, the afterload stress that was produced led to a relative preservation of SV and an increase of SW in CT rats; MI rats exhibited a significant reduction in SV and SW generation, although global cardiac function was normal under basal conditions, as indicated by regular echocardiography and hemodynamics assessment. Thus, we propose the use of sudden pharmacologically induced afterload stress as a practical and efficient procedure for identifying impaired performance of the heart in anesthetized rats, providing an additional physiological variable to be evaluated in experimental therapeutic studies.