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An analytical derivation of the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) for energy management of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is presented, based on Pontryagin's minimum principle. The derivation is obtained using a generic formulation of the energy management problem in HEVs and is valid for any powertrain architecture. Simulation results obtained for a series HEV are also provided.
Serrao et al. (Thu,) studied this question.