A low-risk lifestyle score of 4 was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality compared to the reference group over 7.6 years (HR 0.19; 95% CI 0.05-0.75; P<0.001).
Cohort (n=6,229)
Yes
Does a healthier lifestyle score reduce coronary calcium progression and mortality in US adults aged 44-84 years?
A healthier lifestyle, characterized by regular exercise, healthy diet, smoking avoidance, and weight maintenance, is associated with slower coronary calcium progression and significantly lower all-cause mortality.
Effect estimate: HR 0.19 (95% CI 0.05-0.75)
p-value: p=<0.001
Unhealthy lifestyle habits are a major contributor to coronary artery disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations of smoking, weight maintenance, physical activity, and diet with coronary calcium, cardiovascular events, and mortality. US participants who were 44-84 years of age (n = 6,229) were followed in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis from 2000 to 2010. A lifestyle score ranging from 0 to 4 was created using diet, exercise, body mass index, and smoking status. Coronary calcium was measured at baseline and a mean of 3.1 (standard deviation, 1.3) years later to assess calcium progression. Participants who experienced coronary events or died were followed for a median of 7.6 (standard deviation, 1.5) years. Participants with lifestyle scores of 1, 2, 3, and 4 were found to have mean adjusted annual calcium progressions that were 3.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0, 7.0), 4.2 (95% CI: 0.6, 7.9), 6.8 (95% CI: 2.0, 11.5), and 11.1 (95% CI: 2.2, 20.1) points per year slower, respectively, relative to the reference group (P = 0.003). Unadjusted hazard ratios for death by lifestyle score were as follows: for a score of 1, the hazard ratio was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.03); for a score of 2, the hazard ratio was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.81); for a score of 3, the hazard ratio was 0.49 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.75); and for a score of 4, the hazard ratio was 0.19 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.75) (P < 0.001 by log-rank test). In conclusion, a combination of regular exercise, healthy diet, smoking avoidance, and weight maintenance was associated with lower coronary calcium incidence, slower calcium progression, and lower all-cause mortality over 7.6 years.
Ahmed et al. (Sun,) conducted a cohort in Coronary artery disease risk (n=6,229). Low-risk lifestyle (score 0-4 based on diet, exercise, BMI, and smoking) vs. Reference group (lowest lifestyle score) was evaluated on Death (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05-0.75, p=<0.001). A low-risk lifestyle score of 4 was associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality compared to the reference group over 7.6 years (HR 0.19; 95% CI 0.05-0.75; P<0.001).