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The number of distributed generation (DG) units being connected at the low- and medium-voltage level is evermore increasing. Because of the mostly non-dispatchable generation profile of small-scale renewable power sources, grid performance can be ameliorated as well as deteriorated. A traditional mathematical optimisation of techno-economic objectives is elaborated upon. A conservative approach can, however, easily underestimate performance deviations due to the stochastic output of DG. A robust planning methodology is formulated, based on accuracy improving Monte Carlo simulations nested in an evolutionary algorithm. Multiple objectives are pursued to assess proper trade-offs regarding the technical and economical aspects.
Haesen et al. (Mon,) studied this question.