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This paper presents a method of determining electromotive force and battery internal resistance as time functions, which are depicted as functions of state of charge (SOC) because . The model is based on battery discharge and charge characteristics under different constant currents that are tested by a laboratory experiment. This paper further presents the method of determining the battery SOC according to a battery modeling result. The influence of temperature on battery performance is analyzed according to laboratory-tested data, and the theoretical background for calculating the SOC is obtained. The algorithm of battery SOC indication is depicted in detail. The algorithm of the battery SOC ldquoonlinerdquo indication considering the influence of temperature can be easily used in practice by a microprocessor. An NiMH battery is used in this paper to depict the modeling method. In fact, the method can also be used for different types of contemporary batteries, as well as Li-ion batteries, if the required test data are available.
Szumanowski et al. (Thu,) studied this question.