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Smoking has been postulated as an environmental risk factor for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The primary objective of this meta‐analysis of observational studies was to evaluate the epidemiologic relationship between smoking and the risk of development of AML. Twenty‐three studies published between January 1993 and December 2013 were included in our analysis, and accounted for 7,746 cases of AML. The outcome of interest was the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of developing AML in adult cigarette smokers in comparison with non‐smokers, and was estimated using the random‐effects model. Our results showed that current and ever smokers have 40% (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.22–1.60; P 30 cigarettes per day was associated with RRs of AML of 1.27, 1.36, 1.55, and 1.77, respectively ( P 20 years was associated with RRs of 1.07 and 1.44, respectively ( P 30 pack‐years was associated with RRs of 1.13, 1.23, 1.39, and 1.71, respectively ( P < 0.001 for trend). Overall, cigarette smoking proves to be a significant risk factor for the development of AML in adults. Am. J. Hematol. 89:E125–E132, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fircanis et al. (Sat,) studied this question.