Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
M. R. Cowie, A. Mosterd, D. A. Wood, J. W. Deckers, P. A. Poole-Wilson, G. C. Sutton, D. E. Grobbee; The epidemiology of heart failure, European Heart Journal,
Cowie et al. (1997) studied this question. Heart failure epidemiology is reviewed in this publication, though the provided abstract lacks specific quantitative or directional clinical findings.