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This paper presents an axial-flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machine with an internal coreless stator and twin external permanent magnet (PM) rotors, based on the finite-element method (FEM) by robust design, call Taguchi method to the optimum design for minimum the torque ripple and maximum the ratio between torque ripple and average torque. The optimization is realized by analyses and simulations with finite-element analysis (FEA). The design optimization process is described and the results are presented in this paper.
Hwang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.