What are the clinical predictors of unsuccessful electrical cardioversion in patients with acute atrial fibrillation?
A short duration (<12 hours) of acute atrial fibrillation and advanced age are significant predictors of unsuccessful electrical cardioversion, particularly during a patient's first AF episode.
BACKGROUND: Data on predictors of failure of electrical cardioversion of acute atrial fibrillation are scarce. METHODS: We explored 6,906 electrical cardioversions of acute (<48 hours) atrial fibrillation in 2,868 patients in a retrospective multicenter study. RESULTS: The success rate of electrical cardioversion was 94.2%. In 26% of unsuccessful cardioversions, the cardioversion was performed successfully later. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy, short (<12 hours) duration of atrial fibrillation episode, advanced age, permanent pacemaker, history of atrial fibrillation episodes within 30 days before cardioversion, and β-blockers were independent predictors of unsuccessful electrical cardioversion. In the subgroup of patients with cardioversion of the first atrial fibrillation episode (N = 1,411), the short duration of episode (odds ratio OR = 2.28; 95% confidence interval CI 1.34-3.90, P = 0.003) and advanced age (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.02-1.05, P < 0.001) were the only independent predictors of unsuccessful cardioversion. After successful cardioversion, the rate of early (<30 days) clinical recurrence of atrial fibrillation was 17.3%. The index cardioversion being performed due to the first atrial fibrillation episode was the only predictor of remaining in the sinus rhythm. CONCLUSION: A short (<12 hours) duration of acute atrial fibrillation is a significant predictor of unsuccessful cardioversion, especially during the first attack. First atrial fibrillation episode was the only predictor of remaining in the sinus rhythm.
Grönberg et al. (Tue,) studied this question.