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In the mid 1950s, the results of my doctoral dissertation were nearly ruined; it appeared that I might have treated my experimental subjects in such a way as to lead them to respond in accordance with my experimental hypothesis, or expectancy.' Al! of this was quite unwitting, of course, but it did raise a sobering question about the possibility of interpersonal expectancy effects in the psychological laboratory. If it was my unintentional interpersonal expectancy effect or my unconscious experimenter bias that had led to the puzzling and disconcerting results of my dissertation, then presumably my students and I could produce the phenomenon in our own laboratory, and with several experimenters rather than just one.
Robert Rosenthal (Thu,) studied this question.
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