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The upcoming General Data Protection Regulation is quickly becoming of great concern to organizations which process personal data of European citizens. It is however nontrivial to translate these legal requirements into privacy friendly designs. One recently proposed approach to make 'privacy by design' more practical is privacy design strategies. This paper improves the strategy definitions and suggests an additional level of abstraction between strategies and privacy patterns: 'tactics'. We have identified a collection of such tactics based on an extensive literature review, in particular a catalogue of surveyed privacy patterns. We explore the relationships between the concepts we introduce and similar concepts used in software engineering. This paper helps bridge the gap between data protection requirements set out in law, and system development practice.
Colesky et al. (Sun,) studied this question.