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The subject of this Colloquium is related to the topic of the 2016 Physics Nobel Prize that was awarded to David J. Thouless, F. Duncan M. Haldane, and J. Michael Kosterlitz ``for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter.'' The Colloquium provides a pedagogical introduction to topological phases of matter from comprehensive point of view of many-body entanglement which is important in quantum physics.
Xiao-Gang Wen (Mon,) studied this question.