Directionality and Column Arrangement Principles of Precipitates in Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) and Al-Mg-Cu Linked to Line Defect in Al

In the structures of all metastable precipitates in Al-Mg-Cu and Al-Mg-Si alloys, we find that column surrounding of an element column in the needle/lath direction order according to simple principles. Advanced transmission electron microscopy and DFT calculations support the principles originate with a line defect, which is a segment of a Al column shifted to interstitial positions. We propose the defect aids solute decomposition by partitioning the FCC matrix locally into columns of fewer and higher number of nearest neighbours, which suit smaller and larger size solute atoms, respectively. The defect explains how directionality of the precipitates can arise in a cluster. Ordering of a few defects leads naturally to GPB zones in Al-Mg-Cu and to β'' in Al-Mg-Si.