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Reversible audio information hiding and sample-scanning methods are proposed for digital audio content to achieve detailed detection and localization of tampered positions in each frame. The method proposed in this study allows detecting multiple tampering and reusing reliable content as well as avoiding false detection which were impossible for other methods to simultaneously achieve. In the proposed method, the original signal is partitioned into fixed-length frames and then transformed into discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients by the integer modified DCT (intDCT). Expansion of the DCT coefficients is applied to embed a content-based hash as a payload. The integer DCT algorithm ensures the reversibility of the transform so that the original data and embedded payload can be perfectly restored to enable blind verification of the data integrity. The perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) with the listening quality objective mean opinion (MOSLQO), the segmental signal to noise ratio (segSNR), and subjective evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm provides good sound quality (MOSLQO and segSNR are respectively 4.41 and 23.31dB on average for a capacity of 8, 000bps). Detection and localization are accurate in terms of correctly localizing tampered frames in case of insertion or deletion.
Huang et al. (Sun,) studied this question.