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This paper describes and provides keys for the tribes of the apoid subfamily Diphaglossinae. One of the tribes, the Caupolicanini, is treated in greater detail, its genera being characterized. The subgenera of one of the genera, Caupolicana, are characterized, as are the North and Central American species of the genera Caupolicana and Crawfordapis. Two new subgenera, Caupolicanoides and Alayoapis, and one new species, Caupolicana ocellata, are described. Crawjordapis is given generic rank while Zi is reduced to a subgenus of Caupolicana.
Charles D. Michener (Fri,) studied this question.