August 1, 2019
View Full PaperEffects of Physical Activity, Exercise, and Fitness on Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality
Key Result
Physical activity, exercise training, and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with marked reductions in cardiovascular disease and alter the relationship between adiposity and major CVD outcomes.
Structured PICO
Do physical activity, exercise training, and cardiorespiratory fitness improve cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with obesity?
P
Population
Individuals with obesity and/or established cardiovascular disease
E
Exposure
Physical activity, exercise training, and cardiorespiratory fitness
O
Outcome
Cardiovascular disease outcomes, including heart failure and coronary heart disease
Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness significantly reduce cardiovascular risk and modify the impact of obesity on cardiovascular outcomes.
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) risk factors, which may adversely impact CV structure and function and may increase the prevalence of most CVD, particularly heart failure (HF) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Physical activity (PA), exercise training (ET) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are all associated with marked reductions in most CVD, including HF and CHD. Additionally, PA/ET and, especially CRF, markedly alter the relationship between adiposity and subsequent major CVD outcomes and dramatically impact the "obesity paradox," which are all reviewed, including attention to the debate regarding "fitness versus fatness" for long-term prognosis, including in patients with established CVD.