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The significance of power or energy measurement has been very acute in recent times with the increase of Grid-Tied Solar PV system that needs Net-Metering. Power can be flown in both directions, from grid to load or from load (PV- Panel) to grid line. If power flow from both side is not calculated and surplus power which is not being used at the time instant is not stored, accurate billing is not possible. That is why a bidirectional power meter is required which can measure both the positive and negative power at any instant. The aim of this paper is to develop a bidirectional power meter using microcontroller. The work of this paper constitutes a microcontroller, a current sensor, bulbs as load and a display. The rms values of voltage and current is determined and showed in the display. Then the calibration is done inside the developed program. After that the power is calculated and showed in the display. Then the direction of the power is determined depending on the direction (whether positive or negative) of the power which is also dependent on the phase difference between the voltage and current. If there is no phase difference between the voltage and current, then the power is positive and leaving from the grid. If there is 180 degree phase difference between the voltage and current, then the power is negative and entering to the grid. The direction of the power flow is very important for efficiently of the proposed meter. For some defined load the accuracy of the developed meter is calculated as 94%.
Rahman et al. (Sun,) studied this question.