Spray-Drying Synthesis of MOFs, COFs, and Related Composites

, which is already well-integrated in manufacturing processes for diverse sectors. It enables rapid, continuous and scalable production of dry microspherical powders in a single step, leading to lower fabrication costs and shorter production times compared to traditional methods.In this Account, we outline our ongoing work on spray-drying synthesis of crystalline porous MOFs, COFs, and related composites. Versatile and tunable, spray-drying can be adapted to perform reactions involving coordination and covalent chemistry for the synthesis of micrometer spherical beads/superstructures of MOFs and COFs. Likewise, MOF- and COF-based composites can be synthesized using similar conditions as those for pure MOFs or COFs, through the simple introduction of additional functional materials into the feed precursor solution or colloid. Interestingly, spray-drying can also be done in water, thus providing the basis for its use as a scalable green method for industrial fabrication of these materials. To date, spray-drying has already been scaled up for pilot production (kilogram scale) of MOFs.