Waste Management and Operational Energy for Sustainable Buildings: A Review

Construction and demolition waste account for a significant part of the solid waste taking up landfills on a global scale. A considerable portion of the waste generated by the construction industry has substantial residual value, and therefore waste management and sustainability principles and techniques should be applied. Buildings consume a lot of energy during the operations phase, but decisions made during design and construction impact building operations. This study reviews sustainable building practices to explore strategies that ensure minimal effects on economy, society, and the environment through efficient resource and waste management at different phases of a building life cycle. These practices include pollution reduction, reuse and recycling, energy consumption, embodied carbon, and water resource management.