Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor is associated with sarcopenia and frailty in Japanese hemodialysis patients

AIM: We evaluated several sarcopenia-related hormones, cytokines and uremic toxins to identify the humoral factors associated with sarcopenia and frailty in Japanese hemodialysis patients. METHODS: Twenty Japanese patients aged ≥65 years who underwent maintenance hemodialysis therapy at Uonuma Kikan Hospital for more than 6 months were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Clinical data, including physical function and mental state, were obtained from the clinical records collected during the regular evaluation at the beginning of each hemodialysis therapy session, 3 days after the previous hemodialysis therapy. The diagnosis of sarcopenia and frailty was based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 and the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study, respectively. The mental state of patients was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (J-PHQ-9). RESULTS: In univariate analyses, plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were significantly lower in patients with severe sarcopenia and frailty. The plasma BDNF concentration was correlated with muscle strength and physical performances, such as the 6-m walk test, Short Physical Performance Battery and 5-time chair stand test. BDNF was also correlated with body weight, hemodialysis vintage, and serum levels of total protein and indoxyl sulfate but not with body mass index, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, serum interleukin 6 levels, or J-PHQ-9 scores. The odds ratio per 100 pg/mL of BDNF for the prevalence of frailty was 0.353. CONCLUSIONS: BDNF is associated with decreased physical performance and the prevalence of severe sarcopenia and frailty in Japanese maintenance hemodialysis patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 27-33.