Analysis of activities included in Saudi Arabian chemistry textbooks for the inclusion of argumentation-driven inquiry skills

This research aimed to determine the extent to which twelfth-grade chemistry textbooks and workbooks included argumentation-driven inquiry skills in their activities. For this purpose, all activities found in the twelfth grade chemistry textbooks and workbooks were analyzed using an analysis rubric. Results indicate that the inclusion of the argumentation-driven inquiry skills in the analyzed chemistry activities generally fell within argumentation-driven inquiry levels one and two. This type of inclusion favors teacher-centered learning and teaching rather than student-centered learning and teaching. Therefore, the authors recommend that these textbooks and workbooks be revised to ensure that the argumentation-driven inquiry skills that are included are directed toward student-centered learning and teaching as required by levels four and three.