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Dynamic, coordinated changes in metabolic pathway activity underpin the protective and inflammatory activity of T cells, through provision of energy and biosynthetic precursors for effector functions, as well as direct effects of metabolic enzymes, intermediates and end-products on signaling pathways and transcriptional mechanisms. Consequently, it has become increasingly clear that the metabolic status of the tissue microenvironment directly influences T cell activity, with changes in nutrient and/or metabolite abundance leading to dysfunctional T cell metabolism and interlinked immune function. Emerging evidence now indicates that additional signals are integrated by T cells to determine their overall metabolic phenotype, including those arising from interaction with cytokines and hormones in their environment. The impact of these on T cell metabolism, the mechanisms involved and the pathological implications are discussed in this review article.
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Emma L. Bishop
Nancy Gudgeon
Sarah Dimeloe
Frontiers in Immunology
SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología
University of Birmingham
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Bishop et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
www.synapsesocial.com/papers/69df3d6635659245ec614266 — DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.653605