Depression, Anxiety and Stress among the Patient of Chronic Kidney Disease at Nadiad city, A Cross sectional survey

ABSTRACT Introduction Chronic kidney disease is considered as a public health problem worldwide 1. It is defined by kidney tissue injury with or without a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and /or a decrease in kidney function over a period of three or more months. When the glomerular filtration rate GFR is below 15ml./min./1.73m 2 , the patient is in the terminal stage or dialysis, requiring renal replacement therapy RRT, dialysis or transplant as alternative treatments. Renal failure is the inability of the kidney to excrete wastes, concentrate urine, and conserve electrolytes. Renal failure is precipitated from a variety of etiological factors. It is treatable but not curable, which means that the patient needs a long term therapies or transplantation 2. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in this study found to be 22.9%, 19.2%, and 28.2%, respectively. Forty nine (13.84%) respondents had mild depression twenty eight (7.91%) has moderate depression2. Depression and anxiety are frequent comorbid disorders among chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, with estimated prevalence of approximately 25% in this population, 3 and are associated with worse outcomes, such as progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality 4,5,6,7. The transition from predialysis management to renal replacement therapy (RRT) is a stressful event in the course of CKD, leading to challenges and decisions that might increase their susceptibility to anxiety, mood disorders or even exacerbate psychological issues that already exist 8. Aims The researcher aim to assess the level of depression, anxiety and stress among chronic kidney disease patient in selected hospital of Nadiad City, Gujarat. The research wants to explore the actual psychological status of the patients who were suffering from chronic illness like CKD, because due to long term suffering from the illness disturbed the everyone mind and cause various psychological changes in the body. Hence research want to assess what kind of changes take place due to chronic kidney diseases. Objectives To assess the level of depression among CKD patients at selected hospital, Nadiad. To assess the level of anxiety among CKD patients at selected hospital, Nadiad. To assess the level of stress among the CKD patients at selected hospital, Nadiad. Methodology Design and Setting Descriptive cross sectional survey research design was adopted for the study and non-probability purposive sampling method was used to drawn samples from the participants. For the data collection researcher has used modified The DASS-42 is a 42 item self-report scale designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress, it is a standardized tool. Prior to data collection written setting permission obtain from the head of the hospital as well prior inform consent form was obtain from the study participants, the objectives and methods of the study were appropriately explain to the samples. For data collection researcher has select MPUH kidney hospital situated Nadiad City. The total sample size was 30 chronic kidney disease patients. The research data collection tool consist of following Section I Demographic variables of the CKD patients section II DASS 42 questionnaire self rating scale. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics applied where, data were analyzed by using SPSS software, and Frequency, percentage, tables etc. were used to represent the statistical data in the tables and graph and figure. Result The majority of participants (30%) were 41-50 years, sample (36.67%) belong age group of above 50 years, majority 56.67% were Male, (43.33%) were graduate, (67%) Having 5000-10000 Monthly Income, (60%) were living in Joint family, (56.67%) were belong to 0-3 years, (23.33%) were belong above 9 years if illness. Duration of hospitalization (80%) 0-15 days. Prevalence rate of depression, anxiety and stress among Chronic Kidney Disease the most of patient have 50%, had moderate symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, 30% had mild and only 20% have severe symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress which was measured by DASS self rating scale. Conclusions The currents study ended to assess the prevalence rate of the depression, anxiety and stress among Chronic Kidney Disease patients, the study result concluded that the majority (50%) of Patients having moderate level of depression, anxiety and stress. The people in age group 41-50 or above 50 are having higher rate of depression, anxiety, and stress during chronic kidney disease.