Mortality and guideline‐directed medical therapy in real‐world heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) in commercially insured US patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and examine the effect of GDMT on all‐cause mortality. GDMT for HFrEF includes pharmacologic therapies such as β‐blockers (BB), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐I), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin (ARNI), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA), and sodium‐glucose cotransporter inhibitors to reduce morbidity and mortality. Methods Patients in the Optum Integrated File from 2007 to 2019Q3, ≥18 years, with history of HFrEF, were identified. Patients prescribed both a BB and either an ACE‐I, ARB, or ARNI during 6‐month post‐diagnosis were assigned to the GDMT cohort. All others were assigned to the not on GDMT cohort. The GDMT cohort was further classified by those patients with a record of prescription fills for both classes of medications concurrently (GDMT concurrent medication fills). Mortality at 2 years was assessed with a Cox regression model accounting for baseline demographics, comorbidities, and diuretic use. Results This study identified 14 880 HFrEF patients, of which 70% had a record of GDMT, and 57% had a record of concurrent prescriptions. Patients in the not on GDMT cohort had 29% increased risk of mortality versus GDMT (hazard ratio 1.29; 95% CI (1.19–1.40); p < .0001). As a sensitivity analysis, the effect of patients not on GDMT compared to GDMT with concurrent medication fills was more pronounced, with a 37% increased mortality risk. Conclusion In a real‐world population of HFrEF patients, inadequate GDMT confers a 29% excess mortality risk over the 2‐year follow‐up.