Dynamic alpha factors: Prediction in time and evolution along reactors

The performance of aeration - one of the most costly processes at water resource recovery facilities - is heavily impacted by actual wastewater characteristics which are commonly taken into account using the alpha factor (α). This factor varies depending on hydraulic and organic loading; such variance includes both time and spatial fluctuations. In standard design practice, it is often considered as a fixed number, or at best, a predefined time series. The objective of this paper is to propose a new method of predicting plantwide trends in the α factor through the use of process modelling which can accommodate diurnal and seasonal variations. The authors' concept takes into account the dependence of α on sludge retention time in the form of degradation kinetics, the effects of organic loading (influent filtered COD), the presence or absence of anoxic zones, diffuser depth, and the impact of high MLSS found in certain, e.g., MBR, technologies. The developed model was calibrated using data from numerous facilities, relying on off-gas measurements and tests in clean and process water. Model validation was carried out against averaged α factor gradient data from one plant, and against diurnal air flow measurements from another. The Benchmark Simulation Model 1 configuration was used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model - in estimation of blower energy consumption and peak air flow requirements - comparing it with constant and scheduled α factor-based approaches.