Interleukin-4, and interferon-gamma roles as biomarkers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients.

Objective: To evaluate interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases in addition to evaluating the correlation of IFN-γ, and IL-4 with disease activity. Patients and Methods: This study recruited 60 adult SLE subjects and 60 healthy controls. Subjects underwent complete clinical examination, history taking, as well as evaluation of disease activity in cases with SLE via the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Determination of serum levels of IFN-γ, and IL-4 was done in controls as well as patients. Results: IFN-γ, and IL-4 levels were substantially elevated in the SLE cohort than in the controls. Furthermore, the IFN-γ level is significantly positively correlated with SLEDAI, with no link between SLEDAI as well as IL-4. Conclusion: Elevated IFN-γ and IL-4 serum levels in cases with SLE play a role in SLE progression and have a role in disease activity. IFN-γ serum levels were positively linked with disease activity and anti-dsDNA, negatively linked with C4, and no significant correlation with C3 and 24 h protein in the urine.